Fiber to the Home (FTTH) yatangiye gufatwa nk'ikintu gikomeye n'ibigo by'itumanaho
Hirya no hino ku isi, bituma ikoranabuhanga ritera imbere vuba. Imiyoboro ya optique ikora (AON) na optique idafite aho ihuriye (PON) ni zo sisitemu ebyiri zikomeye zituma umurongo wa interineti wa FTTH ushoboka. PON ishobora gutanga ibisubizo bihendutse iboneka cyane mu bikorwa byinshi bya FTTH. Muri iyi nkuru, ABC ya PON izashyirwa ahagaragara, ahanini ikubiyemo ibice by'ibanze n'ikoranabuhanga rijyanye nabyo birimo OLT, ONT, ONU, na ODN.
Ibisobanuro bya PON: Ibisobanuro, Amahame n'Ibyiza
Umuyoboro wa optique udakora bivuze umuyoboro wa fibre-optique ukoresha topology y'ingingo nyinshi na optique splitters kugira ngo utange amakuru kuva ku gice kimwe cyo kohereza kugeza ku mpera z'umukoresha nyinshi. Bitandukanye na AON, abakiriya benshi bahujwe na transceiver imwe binyuze mu giti cy'amashami y'imigozi na passive splitter/combiner units, bikora byose mu gice cy'urumuri kandi nta ngufu mu miterere ya PON. Hari amahame abiri akomeye ya PON: Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) na Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON). Imiterere ya topology yabo muri rusange ni imwe. Nk'amahitamo ya mbere mu bihe byinshi byo gushyiraho FTTH, igisubizo cya PON gifite inyungu nyinshi zikomeye:
Ikoreshwa ry'ingufu nke
Umwanya Udakenewe Cyane
Bandwidth yo hejuru
Umutekano wo ku rwego rwo hejuru
Byoroshye gushyiramo no kwagura
Ibiciro byo gukora no gucunga byagabanijwe
Imiterere ya PON n'ibiyigize
Muri sisitemu ya Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network (GEPON), hari terminal y'umurongo wa optique (OLT) ku biro bikuru by'umutanga serivisi hamwe n'ibice byinshi by'umuyoboro wa optique (ONUs) cyangwa terminals z'umuyoboro wa optique (ONTs) hafi y'abakoresha, ndetse na optique splitter (SPL). Byongeye kandi, umuyoboro wa optique distribution (ODN) nawo ukoreshwa mu gihe cyo kohereza hagati ya OLT na ONU/ONT.
Umuyoboro w'Umurongo Ukoresha Ijwi (OLT)
OLT ni yo ntangiriro y'umuyoboro wa optique udakoresha ingufu, uhujwe n'imashini ikoresha ingufu binyuze mu nsinga za Ethernet. Inshingano y'ibanze ya OLT ni uguhindura, gushyira mu ishusho, no kohereza ibimenyetso kuri network ya PON no guhuza terminals za optique zo gukwirakwiza ingufu mu buryo bwa transmission ihuriweho. Muri rusange, ibikoresho bya OLT birimo rack, CSM (Control and Switch Module), ELM (EPON Link Module, PON card), uburinzi bwo gukwirakwiza ingufu -48V DC modules, cyangwa module imwe ya 110/220V AC power supply, hamwe n'abafana. Muri ibi bice, ikarita ya PON n'amashanyarazi bishyigikira hot-swap mu gihe indi module yubatswe imbere. OLT ifite icyerekezo kibiri cyo kuzenguruka: hejuru (gukwirakwiza ubwoko butandukanye bw'amakuru n'urujya n'uruza rw'amajwi kuva ku bakoresha) no hasi (gukura amakuru, ijwi, n'uruza rw'amashusho kuva kuri network ya metro cyangwa kuva kuri network igenda kure no kuyohereza kuri module zose za ONT kuri ODN.) Intera ntarengwa ishyigikiwe mu kohereza muri ODN ni kilometero 20.
Igice cy'Umuyoboro w'Ikoranabuhanga (ONU) / Umuyoboro w'Ikoranabuhanga (ONT)
ONU ihindura ibimenyetso by'urumuri byoherezwa binyuze mu migozi bijya mu bimenyetso by'amashanyarazi. Ibi bimenyetso by'amashanyarazi byoherezwa ku bantu ku giti cyabo. Muri rusange, hari intera cyangwa undi muyoboro wo kugera hagati ya ONU n'aho umukoresha akorera. Byongeye kandi, ONU ishobora kohereza, gukusanya, no gutunganya ubwoko butandukanye bw'amakuru ava ku mukiriya no kuyashyira kuri OLT. Gutunganya ni inzira itunganya kandi igatunganya amakuru kugira ngo ashyirwe mu buryo bwiza kurushaho. OLT ishyigikira uburyo bwo gutanga amakuru ku buryo bworoshye kuri OLT, akenshi igera mu buryo butunguranye iturutse ku mukiriya. ONU ishobora guhuzwa hakoreshejwe uburyo butandukanye n'ubwoko bw'insinga, nk'insinga z'umuringa zigoswe, insinga ya coaxial, fibre optique, cyangwa binyuze kuri Wi-Fi.
Ibikoresho bikoresha umukoresha bishobora kandi kwitwa terminal y'umuyoboro wa optique (ONT). Mu by'ukuri, ONT ni kimwe na ONU mu by'ukuri. ONT ni ijambo rya ITU-T, mu gihe ONU ari ijambo rya IEEE. Biri mu nzego zitandukanye zisanzwe, byombi bivuga ibikoresho byo ku ruhande rw'umukoresha muri sisitemu ya GEPON. Ariko mu by'ukuri, hari itandukaniro rito hagati ya ONT na ONU bitewe n'aho biherereye.
Umuyoboro wo Gukwirakwiza Amajwi (ODN)
ODN, igice cy’ingenzi cya sisitemu ya PON, itanga uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru bw’urumuri kugira ngo ONU ihuzwe na OLTs ku ntera ya kilometero 20 cyangwa kure. Muri ODN, insinga za fiber optique, fibre optique connectors, passive optique splitters, n’ibindi bikoresho by’inyongera bikorana. ODN ifite by’umwihariko ibice bitanu ari byo feeder fiber, optique distribution point, distribution fiber, optique access point, na drop fiber. Fiber feeder itangirira kuri optique distribution frame (ODF) mu cyumba cy’itumanaho cy’ibiro bikuru ikarangira kuri optique distribution point kugira ngo ikoreshwe kure. Fiber distribution point kuva kuri optique distribution point kugeza kuri optique access point ikwirakwiza imiyoboro y’urumuri ku bice biri iruhande rwayo. Fiber drop ihuza optique access point na terminals (ONTs), bigatuma fibre optique imanuka mu mazu y’abakoresha. Byongeye kandi, ODN ni inzira y’ingenzi mu kohereza amakuru ya PON kandi ubwiza bwayo bugira ingaruka ku mikorere, kwizerwa, no kwaguka kwa sisitemu ya PON.
Umwanzuro
OLT, ONU cyangwa ONT, na ODN ni byo bice by'ingenzi muri sisitemu ya GEPON, byakoreshejwe cyane muri porogaramu za FTTH kugeza ubu. Ibikorwa remezo byagabanutse by'insinga (nta bintu bikora) hamwe n'uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru mu buryo bworoshye bigira uruhare mu gutuma imiyoboro ya optique idakora neza cyane kuri interineti yo mu rugo, porogaramu z'amajwi n'amashusho. Byongeye kandi, imiyoboro ya optique idakora ishobora no gukoreshwa mu bigo bya kaminuza no mu bucuruzi, bigatanga ibisubizo bihendutse. Uko ikoranabuhanga rya PON ryakomeje gutera imbere, porogaramu zishobora gukoreshwa nazo zaragutse.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Kamena-14-2022