Mu rwego rw'itumanaho, guhuza amakuru, no gutwara amashusho, gukoresha insinga za fiber optique ni byiza cyane. Ariko, ukuri ni uko insinga za fiber optique zitakiri amahitamo ahendutse cyangwa ashoboka yo gushyira mu bikorwa kuri buri serivisi. Bityo gukoresha Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) mu kwagura ubushobozi bwa fibre ku bikorwa remezo bya fibre bihari ni byiza cyane. WDM ni ikoranabuhanga rihindura ibimenyetso byinshi by'urumuri kuri fibre imwe hakoreshejwe uburebure butandukanye bw'urumuri rwa laser. Inyigo yihuse y'ibice bya WDM izashyirwa kuri CWDM na DWDM. Bishingiye ku gitekerezo kimwe cyo gukoresha uburebure bwinshi bw'urumuri kuri fibre imwe. Ariko byombi bifite ibyiza n'ibibi byabyo.
CWDM ni iki?
CWDM ishyigikira imiyoboro y'uburebure igera kuri 18 inyuzwa mu mugozi icyarimwe. Kugira ngo ibi bigerweho, uburebure butandukanye bwa buri muyoboro buri hagati ya nanometero 20. DWDM, ishyigikira imiyoboro y'uburebure igera kuri 80 icyarimwe, aho buri muyoboro uri hagati ya nanometero 0.8 gusa. Ikoranabuhanga rya CWDM ritanga igisubizo cyoroshye kandi gihendutse ku ntera ngufi igera kuri kilometero 70. Ku ntera iri hagati ya kilometero 40 na 70, CWDM ikunze kugarukira ku gushyigikira imiyoboro umunani.
Sisitemu ya CWDM ikunze gushyigikira uburebure umunani bwa fibre imwe kandi yagenewe itumanaho ry’intera ngufi, ikoresheje imirongo miremire y’uburebure hamwe n’uburebure bw’uburebure butandukanye cyane.
Kubera ko CWDM ishingiye ku ntera ya 20-nam channel kuva kuri 1470 kugeza 1610 nm, ikunze gukoreshwa ku ntera ya fibre kugeza kuri 80km cyangwa munsi yayo kuko amplifiers optique zidashobora gukoreshwa ku ntera nini. Iyi ntera nini y'intera ituma ikoreshwa rya optique ihendutse. Ariko, ubushobozi bw'amasano ndetse n'intera ishyigikiwe ni bike kuri CWDM ugereranyije na DWDM.
Muri rusange, CWDM ikoreshwa mu gukoresha igiciro gito, ubushobozi buke (sub-10G) no mu ntera ngufi aho ikiguzi ari ikintu cy'ingenzi.
Vuba aha, ibiciro by'ibice bya CWDM na DWDM byaragereranyijwe mu buryo bufatika. Ubunini bw'uburebure bwa CWDM bushobora gutwara Ethernet ya Gigabit 10 na Fiber Channel ya 16G, kandi ntabwo bishoboka ko ubwo bushobozi buzakomeza kwiyongera mu gihe kizaza.
DWDM ni iki?
Bitandukanye na CWDM, imiyoboro ya DWDM ishobora kongerwa bityo ikaba ishobora gukoreshwa mu kohereza amakuru intera ndende cyane.
Muri sisitemu za DWDM, umubare w'imiyoboro myinshi ni munini cyane kurusha CWDM kuko DWDM ikoresha intera y'uburebure bw'umuraba kugira ngo ishyire imiyoboro myinshi kuri fibre imwe.
Aho gukoresha intera ya 20 nm ikoreshwa muri CWDM (ingana na miliyoni 15 za GHz), sisitemu za DWDM zikoresha intera itandukanye ya channels kuva kuri 12.5 GHz kugeza kuri 200 GHz muri C-Band ndetse rimwe na rimwe na L-band.
Sisitemu za DWDM zo muri iki gihe zisanzwe zishyigikira imiyoboro 96 iri ku ntera ya 0.8 nm hagati yayo na 1550 nm C-Band spectrum. Kubera iyo mpamvu, sisitemu za DWDM zishobora kohereza amakuru menshi binyuze mu muyoboro umwe w’udupira kuko bituma uburebure bwinshi bw’umuraba bushyirwa kuri fibre imwe.
DWDM ni nziza cyane mu itumanaho rigera kure kugeza kuri kilometero 120 no kure yaryo bitewe n'ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukoresha amplifiers z'urumuri, zishobora kongera ubushobozi bwose bwa 1550 nm cyangwa C-band bukoreshwa mu bikorwa bya DWDM. Ibi birwanya igihe kirekire cyo kugabanya cyangwa intera, kandi iyo byongerewe imbaraga na Erbium Doped-Fiber Amplifiers (EDFAs), sisitemu za DWDM zifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara amakuru menshi mu ntera ndende kugeza kuri kilometero amagana cyangwa ibihumbi.
Uretse ubushobozi bwo gushyigikira umubare munini w'uburebure bw'umuraba kurusha CWDM, urubuga rwa DWDM rufite ubushobozi bwo gucunga protocole zihuse cyane kuko abacuruzi benshi b'ibikoresho byo gutwara abantu muri iki gihe bakunze gushyigikira 100G cyangwa 200G kuri buri burebure mu gihe ikoranabuhanga rishya ryemerera 400G no kurenza.
Umuvuduko w'ubunini bwa wavelength wa DWDM ugereranyije na CWDM:
CWDM ifite intera yagutse y'umuyoboro kurusha DWDM -- itandukaniro risanzwe mu nshuro cyangwa uburebure bw'umuyoboro hagati y'imiyoboro ibiri y'urumuri yegeranye.
Ubusanzwe sisitemu za CWDM zitwara uburebure bw'umurambararo umunani bufite intera ya nanometero 20 mu muyoboro wa spectrum kuva kuri nanometero 1470 kugeza kuri nanometero 1610.
Ku rundi ruhande, sisitemu za DWDM zishobora gutwara uburebure bwa metero 40, 80, 96 cyangwa kugeza kuri 160 hakoreshejwe intera nto cyane ya 0.8/0.4 nm (100 GHz/50 GHz grid). Ubusanzwe uburebure bwa metero 1525 nm kugeza kuri 1565 nm (C-band), hamwe na sisitemu zimwe na zimwe zishobora gukoresha uburebure bwa metero 1570 nm kugeza kuri 1610 nm (L-band).
Ibyiza bya CWDM:
1. Igiciro gito
CWDM ihendutse cyane kurusha DWDM kubera ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho. Sisitemu ya CWDM ikoresha laser ikonjesha ihendutse cyane kurusha laser zidafite DWDM. Byongeye kandi, igiciro cya transceivers za DWDM gikunze kuba gihenze inshuro enye cyangwa eshanu kurusha modules zabo za CWDM. Ndetse n'ikiguzi cy'imikorere ya DWDM kiri hejuru ya CWDM. Bityo rero CWDM ni amahitamo meza ku bafite imbogamizi mu gutanga inkunga.
2. Ingufu zisabwa
Ugereranyije na CWDM, ingufu zisabwa kuri DWDM ziri hejuru cyane. Kubera ko laser za DWDM hamwe n'ibikoresho bizikoresha hamwe n'ibikoresho bigenzura bikoresha hafi wati 4 kuri buri mubumbe. Hagati aho, transmitter ya laser ya CWDM idakonjeshwa ikoresha wati 0.5 z'ingufu. CWDM ni ikoranabuhanga ridakoresha ingufu z'amashanyarazi. Rigira ingaruka nziza ku mikoreshereze y'imari ku bakoresha interineti.
3. Gukoresha byoroshye
Sisitemu za CWDM zikoresha ikoranabuhanga ryoroshye ugereranyije na DWDM. Zikoresha LED cyangwa Laser kugira ngo zikoreshwe. Utwuma tw’amashanyarazi twa sisitemu za CWDM ni duto kandi turahendutse. Bityo biroroshye gushyiraho no gukoresha.
Ibyiza bya DWDM:
1. Ivugurura ryihuse
DWDM irahindagurika kandi irakomeye ugereranyije n'ubwoko bwa fibre. Ivugururwa rya DWDM rigera kuri channel 16 rishoboka kuri fibre za G.652 na G.652.C. Byatewe nuko DWDM ihora ikoresha agace gake k'igihombo cya fibre. Mu gihe sisitemu za CWDM zifite channel 16 zikoresha uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru mu gace ka 1300-1400nm, aho kugabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi biba biri hejuru cyane.
2. Gushobora kwaguka
Ibisubizo bya DWDM byemerera kuvugurura mu ntambwe z'imiyoboro umunani kugeza ku miyoboro ntarengwa 40. Bituma ubushobozi bwose kuri fibre burushaho kuba bwinshi kurusha igisubizo cya CWDM.
3. Intera ndende yo kohereza ubutumwa
DWDM ikoresha umugozi wa metero 1550 ushobora kongerwa hakoreshejwe amplifiers zisanzwe z’urumuri (EDFA). Yongera intera yo kohereza ubutumwa ikagera kuri kilometero amagana.
Ishusho ikurikira izaguha ishusho igaragara y'itandukaniro riri hagati ya CWDM na DWDM.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Kamena-14-2022